What’s the Difference Between FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS?

Whether you’re formatting an internal drive, external drive, or removable drive, Windows gives you the choice of using three different file systems: NTFS, FAT32, and exFAT. The Format dialog in Windows doesn’t explain the difference, so we will.

A file system provides a way of organizing a drive. It specifies how data is stored on the drive and what types of information can be attached to files—filenames, permissions, and other attributes. Windows supports three different file systems. NTFS is the most modern file system. Windows uses NTFS for its system drive and, by default, for most non-removable drives. FAT32 is an older file system that’s not as efficient as NTFS and doesn’t support as big a feature set, but does offer greater compatibility with other operating systems. exFAT is a modern replacement for FAT32—and more devices and operating systems support it than NTFS—but it’s not nearly as widespread as FAT32.

NT File System (NTFS)

NTFS is the modern file system Windows likes to use by default. When you install Windows, it formats your system drive with the NTFS file system. NTFS has file size and partition size limits that are so theoretically huge you won’t run up against them. NTFS first appeared in consumer versions of Windows with Windows XP, though it originally debuted with Windows NT.

NTFS is packed with modern features not available to FAT32 and exFAT. NTFS supports file permissions for security, a change journal that can help quickly recover errors if your computer crashes, shadow copies for backups, encryption, disk quota limits, hard links, and various other features. Many of these are crucial for an operating system drive—especially file permissions.

Your Windows system partition must be NTFS. If you have a secondary drive alongside Windows and you plan on installing programs to it, you should probably go ahead and make it NTFS, too. And, if you have any drives where compatibility isn’t really an issue—because you know you’ll just be using them on Windows systems—go ahead and choose NTFS.

Despite its advantages, where NTFS lacks is compatibility. It’ll work with all recent versions of Windows—all the way back to Windows XP—but it has limited compatibility with other operating systems. By default, Mac OS X can only read NTFS drives, not write to them. Some Linux distributions may enable NTFS-writing support, but some may be read-only. None of Sony’s PlayStation consoles support NTFS. Even Microsoft’s own Xbox 360 can’t read NTFS drives, although the new Xbox One can. Other devices are even less likely to support NTFS.

Compatibility: Works with all versions of Windows, but read-only with Mac by default, and may be read-only by default with some Linux distributions. Other devices—with the exception of Microsoft’s Xbox One—probably won’t support NTFS.

Limits: No realistic file-size or partition size limits.

Ideal Use: Use it for your Windows system drive and other internal drives that will just be used with Windows.

File Allocation Table 32 (FAT32)

FAT32 is the oldest of the three file systems available to Windows. It was introduced all the way back in Windows 95 to replace the older FAT16 file system used in MS-DOS and Windows 3.

The FAT32 file system’s age has advantages and disadvantages. The big advantages is that because it’s so old, FAT32 is the de-facto standard. Flash drives you purchase will often come formatted with FAT32 for maximum compatibility across not just modern computers, but other devices like game consoles and anything with a USB port.

Limitations come with that age, however. Individual files on a FAT32 drive can’t be over 4 GB in size—that’s the maximum. A FAT32 partition must also be less than 8 TB, which admittedly is less of a limitation unless you’re using super-high-capacity drives.

While FAT32 is okay for USB flash drives and other external media—especially if you know you’ll be using them on anything other than Windows PCs—you won’t want to FAT32 for an internal drive. It lacks the permissions and other security features built into the more modern NTFS file system. Also, modern versions of Windows can no longer be installed to a drive formatted with FAT32; they must be installed to drives formatted with NTFS.

Compatibility: Works with all versions of Windows, Mac, Linux, game consoles, and practically anything with a USB port.

Limits: 4 GB maximum file size, 8 TB maximum partition size.

Ideal Use: Use it on removable drives where you need maximum compatibility with the widest range of devices, assuming you don’t have any files 4 GB or larger in size.

Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT)

The exFAT file system was introduced in 2006 and was added to older versions of Windows with updates to Windows XP and Windows Vista. exFAT is optimized for flash drives—designed to be a lightweight file system like FAT32, but without the extra features and over head of NTFS and without the limitations of FAT32.

Like NTFS, exFAT has very large limits on file and partition sizes., allowing you to store files much larger than the 4 GB allowed by FAT32.

While exFAT doesn’t quite match FAT32’s compatibility, it is more widely-compatible than NTFS. While Mac OS X includes only read-only support for NTFS, Macs offer full read-write support for exFAT. exFAT drives can be accessed on Linux by installing the appropriate software. Devices can be a bit of a mixed bag. The PlayStation 4 supports exFAT; the PlayStation 3 does not. The Xbox One supports it, but the Xbox 360 does not.

Compatibility: Works with all versions of Windows and modern versions of Mac OS X, but requires additional software on Linux. More devices support exFAT than support NTFS, but some—particularly older ones—may only support FAT32.

Limits: No realistic file-size or partition-size limits.

Ideal Use: Use it when you need bigger file size and partition limits than FAT32 offers and when you need more compatibility than NTFS offers. Assuming that every device you want to use the drive with supports exFAT, you should format your device with exFAT instead of FAT32.

---

NTFS is ideal for internal drives, while exFAT is generally ideal for flash drives. However, you may sometimes need to format an external drive with FAT32 if exFAT isn’t supported on a device you need to use it with.

கடலில் உருவான குட்டி நாடு

படத்தில் இருப்பது ஒரு நாடு என்றால் உங்களால் நம்ப முடிகிறதா? இந்த பதிவை முழுவதுமாக படியுங்கள்..!!

நீங்கள் படங்களில் பார்த்துக் கொண்டிருக்கும் இந்த இடம் என்ன தெரியுமா? கடலின் நட்ட நடுவில் உள்ள பழைய கட்டிடம் என்றுதானே நினைக்கிறீர்கள். அதுதான் இல்லை; இது ஒரு நாடு. உலகின் மிகவும் குட்டி நாடு. இதன் பெயர் சீலேண்ட். ஆச்சரியமாக இருக்கிறதா? இந்தக் குட்டி நாட்டைப் பற்றிப் படிக்கப் படிக்க இன்னும் விந்தையாக இருக்கும்.
இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டின் வட பகுதியில் எஸக்ஸ் என்ற இடத்திலிருந்து கடலில் 13 கிலோ மீட்டர் தொலைவில் உள்ளது இந்த நாடு. இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர் பற்றிப் பாடப் புத்தகங்களில் படித்திருக்கிறீர்கள் அல்லவா?



அப்படி அந்தப் போர் தொடங்கியபோது 1942-ம் ஆண்டில் பிரிட்டிஷ் அரசு கடலில் குட்டித் துறைமுகத்தைக் கட்டியது. கடலில் இரும்பு மற்றும் வலுவான கான்கிரீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தி இந்த துறைமுகத்தைக் கட்டியிருக்கிறார்கள். போரில் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்ட கப்பல்களுக்கு எரிபொருள் போடுவதற்காக இதைப் பயன்படுத்தியிருக்கிறார்கள்.
போர் முடிவடைந்த பிறகும் 1956-ம் ஆண்டு வரை ரப் டவர் எனப் பெயரிட்டு இந்தத் துறைமுகத்தைப் பயன்படுத்தியிருக்கிறார்கள். பின்னர் இந்த இடத்தை அப்படியே விட்டுவிட்டார்கள் ஆங்கிலேயர்கள். 1967-ம் ஆண்டில் இந்த இடத்துக்கு பேட்டி ராய் பேட்ஸ் என்பவர் தனது குடும்பத்துடன் இந்தத் துறைமுகத்துக்குப் போய்த் தங்கிவிட்டார்.

இவர் முன்னாள் ராணுவ அதிகாரியாக இருந்தவர். இங்கு வந்த பேட்ஸ், ‘பிரின்ஸிபாலிட்டி ஆஃப் சீலேண்ட்’ என்று அந்த இடத்துக்குப் பெயரை வைத்தார். அங்கிருந்து ராய் பேட்ஸை அனுப்பப் பிரிட்டிஷ் அதிகாரிகள் நிறைய முயற்சி செய்தார்கள். ஆனால், அவரை அங்கிருந்து அனுப்ப முடியவில்லை.

இந்த விவகாரம் நீதிமன்றத்துக்குப் போனது. ஆனால், இந்தத் துறைமுகம் இங்கிலாந்து நாட்டு கடல் எல்லைக்கு வெளியே இருப்பதால், வழக்கை நடத்த முடியாது என்று நீதிமன்றம் கூறியது. இதன்பிறகு ராய் பேட்ஸ் 1975-ம் ஆண்டில் சீலேண்டை தனி நாடாக அறிவித்தார். இந்த நாட்டுக்கென்று தனியாகக் கொடி, தேசியக் கீதம், பணம், பாஸ்போர்ட் என்று ஒரு நாட்டில் என்னவெல்லாம் இருக்குமோ எல்லாவற்றையும் பேட்ஸ் அறிமுகப்படுத்தினார்.

கடலுக்குள்ள ஒரு குட்டி கட்டிடத்தில்தான் இந்த நாடே இருக்கிறது. ஒரு முறை பேட்ஸூம் அவரது குடும்பத்தினரும் இங்கிலாந்துக்குப் போனபோது, ஜெர்மனி, போர்ச்சுகல் கொள்ளையர்கள் இந்த நாட்டை ஆக்கிரமிப்பு செய்துவிட்டார்கள். பேட்ஸூம், அவரது மகன் மைக்கேலும் ஆயுதங்களைப் பயன்படுத்திக் கொள்ளையர்களை விரட்டினார்கள்.
1987-ம் வருடத்தில் பிரிட்டிஷ் அரசு கடல் எல்லைப் பரப்பை 22 கிலோ மீட்டராக அதிகரித்து, சீலேண்டை அவர்களுடைய கட்டுபாட்டுக்குள் கொண்டுவர முயற்சி செய்தார்கள். ஆனாலும் முடியவில்லை. சீலேண்டின் இளவரசராக ராய் பேட்ஸ் செயல்பட்டு நிர்வாகமும் செய்து வந்தார்.
மூன்று வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பு பேட்ஸ் நோய்வாய்ப்பட்டு இறந்துவிட்டார். அப்போது முதல் சீலேண்ட் நாட்டின் இளவரசராகப் பேட்ஸின் மகன் மைக்கேல் இருந்து வருகிறார். தற்போது இவர்களது குடும்பத்தினர் உட்பட 50 பேர் இங்கு வாழ்ந்து வருகிறார்கள். இந்தக் குட்டிக் கட்டிடத்தில் 30 அறைகள் உள்ளன. கடலுக்குள் இருப்பதால் தேவையான நீரை அவர்களே உற்பத்தி செய்து கொள்கிறார்கள்.
ஞாபகச் சின்னங்கள் போன்றவற்றை இணையதளத்தில் விற்பனை செய்து பணம் சம்பாதிக்கிறார்கள். இந்த நாட்டுக்கு வெளி நாட்டுக்காரர்கள் யாராவது வர வேண்டுமென்றால் பாஸ்போர்ட், விசா எடுத்துக்கொண்டுதான் வர வேண்டும்.
மேலும் விவரங்களுக்கு:- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Sealand
http://www.sealandgov.org/

Banking gets faster, easier and highly secure

From using Aadhaar cards for withdrawals to mobile-only solutions, new offerings by banks are changing the way you transact.

Download the wallet app, enter Aadhaar and Permanent Account Number for Know-your-Customer, visit a Café Coffee Day outlet for biometric verification and your bank account with Singapore-based DBS bank will be up and running.
This mobile-based bank’s customer support uses artificial intelligence.
A bot answers questions.
About 90 per cent customer queries are standard which don’t need human interference.
The customer can also choose to chat with an executive.
As it is mobile-only, the bank doesn’t provide a cheque book.
But, customers do get a debit card.
“Being relatively new in the market, we don’t have legacy systems.
"The bank could, therefore, start from scratch and deploy newer systems and processes,” says a DBS spokesperson.
If 2015 was a year of banking apps, 2016 could well be one where banks look at innovative ideas to smoothen the banking procedures and transactions and the best part: the focus on security is very high.
Bankers say consumers are keen to adopt newer technologies.
"Customers are not only rapidly adopting digital banking solutions.
"They are also giving us feedback on how to improve these,” says Abonty Banerjee, senior general manager and head -- digital channels, ICICI Bank.
The Country’s largest private sector bank has attracted transactions worth Rs 3 lakh crore (Rs 3 trillion) on its digital platform in financial year 2015-16.
Through its mobile banking app, iMobile, it recorded transactions worth Rs 10,062 crore (Rs 100.62 billion) in January 2016.
A year back it was Rs 2,225 crore (Rs 22.25 billion).
“Digital banking is picking as customers want instant service and information at the tip of their thumb.
"They no longer prefer visiting a branch or waiting for a service to activate,” says Amit Sethi, CIO, Axis Bank.
More launches in a short span
The popularity of individual wallet companies such as Paytm and others has been a wake-up call for banks.
Customers started using wallets as these offered better experience.
Then came the financial technology (fintech) start-ups which began offering better products, using technology.
“Banks started tying up with fintech start-ups as it’s not possible to change the entire system within few months though technology changes fast.
"That requires substantial investments. It’s a win-win for both. Banks get newer technology.
"Start-ups get funds and mentoring,” says Ritesh Pai, senior president and country head, digital banking, YES Bank.
He says this is why consumers are getting better products faster.
Rather than working on one product for several months, partnerships allow banks to launch several in short span of time.
“Banks are also now open to experiments. Earlier they would wait for the perfect product.
"Now, they start with pilot projects in one location and expand quickly to other cities,” says Pai.
Axis, Kotak Mahindra, ICICI and HDFC Bank recently conducted start-up competitions.
Fintech companies are invited to these events to give a pitch and showcase their products.
Banks partner with the winners.
The aim behind organising such technology-based competitions is to find solutions for banking services that can reduce cost and provide better customer service.
Banking on feature phones: India has over a billion mobile connections.
Of these, about a quarter users have smartphones.
A sizeable chunk still uses feature phones.
YES bank has tied up with a Taiwan-based tech firm Taisys, to offer banking transactions on feature phones with no internet connectivity.
The user needs to apply a sticker on the SIM card, which then enables a menu for banking transactions -- including payments and fund transfers. The service works on text message.
Benefit: You don’t need a smartphone for basic banking like transfers and payments.
Merchant payments using sound waves: YES Bank and HDFC Bank have tied up with UltraCash, which has technology that allows, user to make payments through mobile phones without the use of data or any special hardware.
UltraCash processes payments through sound waves.
The user needs to open the app, enter a passcode and take the phone near a merchant’s device. Upon receiving the invoice, the user will need to enter another password and the mobiles authenticate the transaction using sound waves.
Benefit: You don’t have to rely on internet connection or extra hardware to make payments.
ATM cash withdrawal using fingerprints: Recently DCB Bank launched a service where you can withdraw cash from ATMs without your card and PIN.
For this to work, your Aadhaar should be linked to your bank account.
At the ATM, enter your Aadhaar number and use fingerprint rather than a PIN to withdraw cash.
“We are updating all our ATMs to offer biometric transactions along with the regular card and PIN-based service.
"We believe more banks will introduce this in future. Customers of different banks will then be able to transact at any ATMs using biometrics,” says Praveen Kutty, head of retail banking at DCB Bank.
Benefit: No need to carry your card for withdrawal and remember PIN.
Take a selfie, open a bank account: Banks are not only using Aadhaar for transactions.
Using the e-KYC, they are also cutting the time required to open a bank account.
You can open a Federal Bank account by downloading its app and taking a selfie.
The app then asks you to click picture of your Aadhaar card and immediately provides you an account number.
Further formalities could be done either by calling an executive home or by visiting a branch.
Meanwhile, if you are expecting any payment, you can remit up to Rs 10,000 through the bank account before the entire process is completed.
Benefit: Faster account opening without visiting the branch
Contactless payments: Taking a lead in near, field communication, ICICI Bank has launched a mobile payment solution that enables customers to payments at retail outlets without using a card.
The person needs to log into the bank’s wallet app Pockets.
Select the option ‘touch & pay’ and hold the phone close to the merchant terminal (card machine).
NFC is not common yet, especially in low-end phones.
The bank, therefore, has a debit card that is NFC-enabled and works on the same principle.
“Over 100,000 merchants already have NFC-enabled terminals and its expanding fast. All new terminals sold are NFC-enabled,” says Banerjee.
Benefit: Transactions are more secure as the device or card is in your hand.If you are using mobile, you don’t need to carry any card.
While these are some of the recently-launched products and services, with banks tying-up with start-ups, you can expect a slew of solutions soon.
“If it’s a transformational product, it takes four-five months.
"But simpler products are launched within two months,” Banerjee.
One of the winners, Tapits Technologies, at HDFC Bank’s start-up event is working on biometric payments at merchant outlets.
The winner of ICICI Appathon, Mohit Talwadiya, uses artificial intelligence and natural language processing to interact with customers to resolve their queries.
The future
The next big wave in banking will be use of a technology called blockchain.
This is a cheaper and more secure method to process transactions.
Popularised by Bitcoin, blockchain is a technology that maintains records. It has the potential to completely change the way we bank today.
In future, you can have bank account portability, like a mobile service.
“Bank account numbers can be issued by a central entity like Central Depository Services Limited issues demat account.
Consumers will use bank for transactions and services, like brokers are currently used for stock investments,” says Pai.
THE REVOLUTION BANKS AWAIT
Unified Payments Interface is tipped to bring about a payments revolution in the country by making money transfer as easy as sending text messages. Currently in pilot stage, banks have been eagerly waiting for full launch of the service. Here’s why

• Setting up is easy. A person needs a bank account, a smartphone, and UPI app
• Money can be transferred in multiple ways -- using the unique virtual address, mobile number or Aadhaar number in real time, 24X7
• You can pay taxi bills or use it at retail stores by scanning a QR code
• Doesn’t require details like account number or branch code, making it safer
• It brings small payments in the ambit of banking. UPI app allows users to transact any amount below Rs 100,000
• One can initiate a “debit request” asking for a payment, a feature that no other payments technology allows at present
• It works across systems seamlessly, be it MasterCard, Visa, mobile wallets, etc
• You can add multiple bank accounts to the app
• It’s scalable without huge investments
• It works on a feature phone
• It has high level of security

How a differently-abled boy cleared the IIT entrance exam

The credit goes to his brother who carried him on his shoulders to school and later to the coaching classes. 
It's a tale of a 19-year-old Krishan Kumar Pandit who overcame his disability to clear the IIT entrance test, beating all odds.

Kudos to his determination and to his brother Basant Kumar Pandit for taking him one step closer to attaining his dream.

Here's his story.

IMAGE: Basant Kumar Pandit carrying his polio-stricken brother Krishan. Photograph: Kind Courtesy YourStory

The journey of polio-stricken Krishan and his younger sibling Basant -- who hail from a poor family in Bihar -- has been arduous and inspirational.

For many years, Basant Kumar Pandit (18) has been carrying his physically challenged elder brother on his shoulders to school and later to the coaching institute in Kota.

Krishan has landed in IIT with 38th All India Rank in OBC (Other Backward Classes), disabled quota in the JEE (Joint Entrance Examination) advanced results declared recently.

Basant has achieved 3675 rank in OBC category.

Their father Madan Pandit owns five bighas of land in Paroriya village in Samastipur (Bihar) and their mother is a housewife.

Krishan (19) suffered from polio when he was only six months old. Later, Basant took upon himself to take Krishan on his shoulders to school.

Aspiring to be engineers, the brothers reached Kota three years ago and gained admission in a coaching institute to prepare for the IIT entrance test.

Here too, Basant would take his brother on his shoulders to the coaching classes and the two would study together.

"When I left the village for coaching three years ago, people in the village suspected my abilities and whether we would be able to continue like this," Krishan said, adding "we were determined to become engineers".

 Photograph: Kind Courtesy YourStory

For Krishan, his younger sibling is much more that his 'legs' and he gets emotional talking about him especially as the two brothers, who have been inseparable until now, will have to study in separate colleges.

"Basant does everything for me. He takes me on his shoulders from home or hostel room to classes, serves me food," said Krishan.

"I feel very sad when I think about living without him in the engineering college," he added.

Basant said he is accustomed to doing these things for his brother. "It is very painful to think of living without my elder brother. The taste of success is enjoyable but separation sours it," he said.

Basant recalled their school days. "Once while we were in class five, I participated in a residential camp for the disabled in the village as my brother Krishan could not live there without me," he said.

After failing in their first attempt in IIT entrance exam, their father asked them to return, but their two elder brothers -- who work in a garage in Mumbai -- assured them of financial assistance.

The management of the institute exempted 75 per cent of the fees for them and also granted a scholarship, according to Krishan.

"At the institute, we have been in the same batch and same class," he added.

"Basant aspires to join civil services after completing his engineering, and I want to be a computer engineer," Krishan said.

India's 10 best selling cars in June

Alto, which sold 15,750 units in June, retained the title of the best selling model.

Maruti Suzuki India continued its grip in the passenger vehicles market in India with five of its models in the top ten best selling models in June, although its successful model Swift has been displaced from the third position by rival Hyundai's Grand i10.
According to data compiled by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Association (SIAM), MSI's Alto which sold 15,750 units in June retained the title of the best selling model although it sold 21,115 units in the same month last year.

The company's compact sedan Dzire also retained the second spot with 13,492 units in the month, but sold lesser number compared to 18,973 units in June last year.

Rival Hyundai Motor India Ltd's (HMIL) compact car Grand i10 was the third best selling model in June with 12,678 units. Last year in the same month the model was in sixth position with 8,970 units.

MSI's WagonR retained the fourth spot with 11,962 units in June this year as against 13,221 units in the year-ago month.

Renault's entry level car Kwid grabbed the fifth spot with 9,459 units.

MSI's Swift sold 9,033 units in June to be at sixth position as against 17,313 units in the same month last year when it was the third best selling model.

HMIL's Elite i20 was pushed to seventh spot with 8,990 units.

Toyota Kirloskar Motor's Innova was in the eighth spot selling 8,171 units followed by HMIL's SUV Creta in the ninth with 7,700 units.

The top ten best selling model was rounded up with MSI's premium hatchback Baleno which sold 6,969 units.

MSI's Celerio, Honda's City and Amaze sedans and Mahindra's Bolero, which featured among the top ten best selling models in June last year, failed to make it to the list this year.

What are contactless credit cards?

Here's a simple guide...

The world is increasingly moving towards a wireless and hands-free world where you connect to the internet without the use of fussy cables or wires or you can access your phone while driving without compromising on your safety. So keeping with this trend we now have contactless credit cards and debit cards too.

This trend is still in the nascent stage in India and as of now very few banks are offering contactless credit cards.

What are contactless cards?

Though the name indicates what these cards are, let us understand their functioning and features a little more in detail.

The cards do not require direct contact between the card and the terminal unlike that is required in regular cards. They need to be just tapped and waved near the requisite terminal. These cards use radio frequency identification (RFID) or near field communication (NFC) technology to process the payment. Radio transmission is employed to establish contact when the card is waved or tapped near a terminal that is equipped to receive these signals. Thus if the card is waved near a terminal which is not enabled to read these card then the card wont function as a contactless card.

A chip and a radio frequency antenna are embedded in the card; this allows the terminal to get the details without coming in direct contact with the card. The account information of the accountholder is communicated through the secure network of the card issuing brand.

Q: How do you know if your credit card is a contact less card or not?

A: You look for this sign:  

This sign indicates that the card and the point where it is to be swiped are equipped with the technology to process the card witout direct contact. This sign is required on the card and the terminal as well.

Some more details about contactless cards: 

These cards work within a range of 4 cm of the terminal where the payment is to be processed. The functioning is subject to the contact not being blocked by a metallic object.

Contactless credit cards can be used as normal cards also and swiped at terminals if required. For cash withdrawals the card has to inserted or dipped in the machine.

Transactions of only Rs 2,000 or below are allowed as of now on contactless credit cards. For transactions more than that amount the card will have to be swiped like a normal card and the pin needs to be entered.

As in the case of normal cards the user gets alerts and a transaction slip.

Credit card issuing company may fix the number or frequency of transactions per day/per month allowed as per their policy.

Do contactless cards offer some advantages:

Though as of now banks in India allow transaction of only Rs 2,000 or below for contactless cards these cards are safer than other cards in some aspects. Since the card does not leave the hands of the holder there is no danger of forgetting the card, somebody cloning it or losing it.

The transaction processing is also much faster due to the fact that swiping is not required and also no PIN entering is required for amounts under Rs 2,000. So if you have to shop for small amounts not only are these cards safer but faster too.

For bigger transactions they can be used just as a normal card.

Some card holders may worry that if they are near a contactless terminal a transaction may happen without them actually knowing. This does not happen as the card has to be waved and tapped and an amount has to be entered for it to be processed.

There is no danger of a dual transaction as when one transaction is processed you get a alert and a light or beep indicates that the transaction has been successful.

The author is a credit expert with 10 years of experience in personal finance and consumer banking industry and another 7 years in credit bureau sector. Rajiv was instrumental in setting up India's first credit bureau, Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL). He has also worked with Citibank, Canara Bank, HDFC Bank, IDBI Bank and Experian in various capacities.

These 24 companies are India's best employers

This recognition is a testimony of India's strong belief in promoting entrepreneurship

As many as 24 companies including Indigo, Tata Communications, Reliance Asset Management Company (AMC) and the Oberoi Group are among the best employers in India, as per the Aon Hewitt list.
The Aon Hewitt Best Employers study's research methodology covered 113 companies across 12 industries, cumulatively employing around 950,000 employees to adjudge India's Best Employer of 2016.
AON's Best Employer India programme felicitates those organisations which have created great work environments.
These organisations empower results through high employee engagement, a compelling employer brand, effective leadership and a high performance culture.
Reliance AMC is the only asset management company to get this recognition in India.

Indigo	Tata Communications	Reliance AMC	Oberoi Group	AccorHotels
AGS Health	Bajaj Allianz General Insurance	Bajaj Finance	Becton Dickinson	Bharti Infratel
Blue Dart Express	DHL Express	Lupin	Hewlett Packard	Metro Cash & Carry
Saint-Gobain India	SKS Microfinance	Tata AIA Life Insurance	Tata AutoComp	Tata Chemicals
Whirlpool	WNS Global	YASH Technologies	Starwood Hotels

This recognition is a testimony of our strong belief in promoting entrepreneurship - with high degree of employee engagement and business performance - within the organisation.
"We are proud to have a team that drives leadership through trust and ownership - with a single focus of providing superior value to our stakeholders," Reliance Capital AMC CEO Sundeep Sikka said.
Other companies which have been named in the list include, AccorHotels India, AGS Health, Bajaj Allianz General Insurance, Bajaj Finance, Becton Dickinson, Bharti Infratel, Blue Dart Express, DHL Express (India) and Hewlett Packard.
Commenting on the award, Tata Communications said, "With over 8,500 employees across 30 countries and 40 nationalities, the company's commitment to diversity is reflected through its workforce".
The Aon Hewitt Best Employers 2016, also includes Lupin, Metro Cash and Carry, Saint-Gobain India, SKS Microfinance, Tata AIA Life Insurance, Tata AutoComp, Tata Chemicals, Whirlpool India, WNS Global, YASH Technologies and Starwood Hotels.
"To ensure our employees stay motivated and engaged, AccorHotels invests heavily in employee engagement and talent development programs to produce high performing teams," AccorHotels India regional talent and culture director Ashwin Shirali said.